Based on the random effect model, the total mean score of Service Consumers’ perception, Service Consumers’ expectation and the gap between them were estimated as being 3.81 (95% CI: 3.56–4.06), 4.49 (95% CI: 4.31–4.67) and -0.83 (95% CI: -065 – -1.01), respectively. The comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software, Version 2 was used for data analysis. The databases searched were as follows: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the required data were collected using several keywords (and their Persian equivalents): services quality, Servqual, quality, gap, primary health cares, health services, Iran. This study aims to systematically review and conduct meta- analysis of conducted studies in this regard in which Servqual tools were used to assess and measure the quality of services. Servqual has been identified as one of the most important methods frequently used in assessing the quality of healthcare services. Step 6: The last step involves critically reviewing the papers to address the aim of the current study.Quality measurement is the first step in improving overall quality. Use all or some of the checklist items on the basis of the criticalness of the papers. Prioritize using the quality checklist in finding the eligibility of the papers. Step 5: The main and the most important step is the Eligibility of the papers. This step only checks the 1 st and 2 nd checklist items. Inclusion or exclusion of papers are in this step also seeks to identify duplicate papers. Most scholars use English however others may use their local languages like French, Japanese, Spanish and others. Step 4: Then check if the papers are in their specified language. In addition, include or exclude papers on the basis of the availability of full-text papers. Step 3: Check if the title of the papers found is corroborating the current study. The first screening uses both the inclusion or exclusion criteria and the quality checklist to exclude the irrelevant papers. Step 2: Screening the papers will involve using the quality checklist in stages. The first step does not involve the inclusion or exclusion of papers. The most common databases of literature include: Step 1: Identify the papers on the basis of search strategies and the relevant databases used for searching and collecting research papers. Information about funding or author conflict
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Results of individual studies or graphs and tabular presentations Study characteristics or statistical presentations Synthesis of results or the methods of analysis
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Summary measures or the tools of analysis Study selection or the research approach.ĭata collection process or the sample size. Search strategies or the research paradigm/philosophy. Information sources or the data collection sources. Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both, or the type of paper and the title scope.Ĭlarity of the study with background, aim, methods used, findings, conclusion and other relevant information. In addition, the flow chart of PRISMA is based on 4 stages: The main role of the PRISMA checklist is to identify the quality of the papers identified using search strategies and databases. It is not mandatory to use all the checklist items however, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are mostly based on the checklist items.
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The PRISMA is based on the 27-item quality checklist broadly divided into: There are a few important things to note while formulating PRISMA. PRISMA is used mostly in medical and pharmaceutical researches, however, in recent years the use of PRISMA is also done in management studies and other non-medical studies. In addition, PRISMA is also based on the formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria in any type of study that systematically assesses the quality of chosen papers and either includes for the study or excludes for the study. The PRISMA tool or framework uses a set of methods to systematically search papers and literature for review based studies.
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These steps are useful for systematic literature reviews, critical literature analyses and meta-analyses. The PRISMA framework or Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), is a set of guidelines or steps developed by Moher, (2013).